Browse the glossary:

Top Ten terms

1. study participants (subjects*, participants) — 16 views
   “The people included in a study” … (read more)
2. research evidence (research findings, research results) — 15 views
   “The findings of studies, including systematic reviews” … (read more)
3. fair comparisons of treatments — 14 views
   “Studies designed, conducted, reported and interpreted to minimize bias and the play of chance in measuring treatment effects” … (read more)
4. crossover study (crossover trial) — 14 views
   “A type of randomized study in which the effects of two or more treatments are compared by giving them in different order (determined randomly) to each participant” … (read more)
5. non-randomized study (non-experimental study, observational study,) — 14 views
   “A category of studies that does not use random allocation to assign participants to treatment comparison groups” … (read more)
6. play of chance (random error) — 13 views
   “In treatment comparisons, a type of error that may affect the results because too few events or outcomes have been observed to provide a reliable measure of the treatment effects” … (read more)
7.   statistically significant — 13 views
   “A result that is unlikely to have happened by chance. The usual threshold for this judgement is a likelihood of less than 5%” … (read more)
8. conflicts of interests (conflicting interests, vested interests) — 12 views
   “Vested interests (financial or academic) that may compromise a person’s objectivity in designing, conducting or interpreting research” … (read more)
9. effect estimate (effect size, estimate of effect, point estimate) — 12 views
   “A statistical measure indicating the most likely size of a treatment effect” … (read more)
10. paired study design for diagnostic tests (diagnostic paired design) — 12 views
    “A study design where two screening or diagnostic tests are compared and all patients receive both an index test and a reference standard test” … (read more)